From Northern Abundance to Crises Resistance: Strategies and Survival Practices in the Russian North in the Crisis of the 1990s
pdf (Русский)

Keywords

Russian North Arctic Crisis of the 1990s Everyday Life Survival Practices Resilience Infrastructure Territorial Isolation Migration Drift Northern Delivery

How to Cite

1. Kliueva V. From Northern Abundance to Crises Resistance: Strategies and Survival Practices in the Russian North in the Crisis of the 1990s // Journal of Frontier Studies. 2024. № 4 (9). C. 146-168.

Abstract

The paper focuses on the analysis of survival practices in northern Russian settlements that developed in the 1990s. Most of the northern settlements were in a state of decline: changes in the socio‑demographic composition and population size, transformation of the local economy, degradation of transport infrastructure, deterioration in the quality of life. The reason for the decline was the decentralization of the northern regions of the country – the destruction of established economic and social ties and supply problems. It was in the 1990s that northern settlements began to notice their isolation from the central regions of the country and develop their own survival strategies and practices in difficult climatic conditions. For comparison, two cases were chosen: the agglomeration of Kirovsk-Apatity (Murmansk region) and Ust’-Kamchatsk (Kamchatka Peninsula); materials collected in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous District, Murmansk region, and Sakhalin are also used. The concept of resilience is used as a methodological basis. The basics for the analysis were the materials of field expeditions in a number of regions of the Russian North conducted in 2017‑2022.

https://doi.org/10.46539/jfs.v9i4.595
pdf (Русский)

References

Bitva titanov, ili pochemu molchat ribaki. (2008). Fishkamchatka. http://old.fishkamchatka.ru/?cont=long&id=13923&year=2008&today=20&month=11 (In Russian).

Dashinamzhilov, O. B. (2018). Gorodskoe naselenie Zapadnoy Sibiri v 1960–1980-e godi: Istoriko‑demograficheskoe issledovanie. Publishing house of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.15372/POPULATION2018DOB (In Russian).

Davydov, V. N. (2018). Strategies of Using the Space and Autonomy Regimes: The Relations of Evenkis and the State in the Northern Baikal. Etnografia, 2, 46–66. https://doi.org/10.31250/2618-8600-2018-46-66 (In Russian).

Gololobov, E. (2017). The siberian north and the dynamics of an image: From Barren grounds to a Northern plain. Quaestio Rossica, 1, 137–152. https://doi.org/10.15826/qr.2017.1.216 (In Russian).

Golovnev, A. V. (2020). Speed in the anthropology of movement. Sibirskie istoricheskie issledovaniya, 2, 57–78. https://doi.org/10.17223/2312461X/28/4 (In Russian).

Istomin, K. V. (2018). “Only Cowards Get Lost”: Fear, Anxiety and Spatial Orientation among Komi and Nenets Reindeer Herders. Etnografia, 2, 67–83. https://doi.org/10.31250/2618-8600-2018-67-83 (In Russian).

Josephson, P. R. (2014). The Conquest of the Russian Arctic. Harvard University Press. https://doi.org/10.4159/harvard.9780674419827

Kalemeneva, E. A. (2019). “Turn to a Human” in Projects and Practices of Urbanization of the Soviet Far North in the 1950-1960s [PhD Thesis]. HSE University. (In Russian).

Karaseva, A. (2018). Modernity Unplugged: The Failure of Public Utilities in the Sensory Landscape of the NorthernTown. Antropologicheskij forum, 14(38), 122–146. https://doi.org/10.31250/1815-8870-2018-14-38-122-146 (In Russian).

Khamfri, K. (2010). Postsovetskie transformatsii v aziatskoy chasti Rossii. Natalis. (In Russian).

Koleva, G. Yu., Stas', I. N., & Shorokhova, I. I. (2013). Stanovlenie industrial'no-urbanisticheskogo obschestva na territorii Tyumenskoy oblasti. TyumGNGU. (In Russian).

Kontareva, A., Masalskaya, A., & Zemnukhova, L. (2019). Local Time of the Global IT: The Time Perception of Russian Software Developers at Home and Abroad. Etnograficheskoe obozrenie, 3, 62‑79. https://doi.org/10.31857/S086954150005294-3 (In Russian).

Kosminina, O. (2001, November). Virosla na razvalinakh. Ribak Kamchatki, 48. (In Russian).

Kovalevskaya, Yu. N. (2010). The Cold Winter of 1998: Social Collapse in Ust-Kamchatsk. Russia and the Pacific, 3, 63–70. (In Russian).

Krayniy Sever k 1934 g. Sbornik materialov po khozyaystvennomu i kul'turnomu stroitel'stvu. (1934). Vlast' Sovetov. (In Russian).

Kutsev, G. F. (1989). Chelovek na Severe. Politizdat. (In Russian).

Levikov, A., Perevedentsev, V., Smirnov-Cherkezov, A., & Travinskiy, V. V. (1967, June 7). Puteshestvie k fenomenu. Literaturnaya gazeta. (In Russian).

Meerovich, M. G., Konisheva, E. V., & Khmel'nitskiy, D. S. (2011). Kladbische sotsgorodov: Gradostroitel'naya politika v SSSR (1928—1932 gg.). ROSPEN. (In Russian).

Mkrtchyan, N. V. (2004). “Zapadniy dreyf” vnutrirossiyskoy migratsii. Otechestvennie zapiski, 4(19), 94‑104. (In Russian).

Perevedentsev, V. I. (2010). Strana, sbezhavshaya s kholoda. Fond Novaya Evraziya, MAKS. (In Russian).

Thompson, N. (2008). Settlers on the Edge: Identity and Modernization on Russia’s Arctic Frontier. University of British Columbia Press. https://doi.org/10.59962/9780774856164

Vakhtin, N., & Dudek, Sh. (Eds.). (2020). “Deti devyanostikh” v sovremennoy Rossiyskoy Arktike. Publishing house of the European University in St. Petersburg. (In Russian).

Vsesoyuznaya perepis' naseleniya 1989 g. Chislennost' gorodskogo naseleniya RSFSR. (n. d.). Demoskop Weekly; Demoskop Weekly. http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus89_reg2.php (In Russian).

Zamyatina, N. Yu., Klyueva, V. P., Goncharov, R. V., Burtseva, A. V., Kotov, E. A., Medvedkov, A. A., Molodtsova, V. A., Nikitin, B. V., Pilyasov, A. N., Polyachenko, A. E., Streletskiy, D. A., & Shamalo, I. A. (2023). Zhiznestoykost' arkticheskikh gorodov: Teoriya, kompleksniy analiz i primeri transformatsii. Limited Liability Company “Izdatel'skie resheniya”. (In Russian).

Zamyatina, N. Yu., Kotov, E. A., Goncharov, R. V., Burtseva, A. V., Grebenets, V. I., Medvedkov, A. A., Molodtsova, V. A., Klyueva, V. P., Kul'chitskiy, Yu. V., Mironova, B. A., Nikitin, B. V., Pilyasov, A. N., Polyachenko, A. E., Poturaeva, A. V., Streletskiy, D. A., & Shamalo, I. A. (2022). Resilience potential of the Russian Arctic cities. Lomonosov Geography Journal, 5, 52–65. (In Russian).

Zayonchkovskaya, Zh. (1999). “Vnutrennyaya migratsiya v Rossii i v SSSR v XX veke kak otrazhenie sotsial'noy modernizatsii”. Universe of Russia, 8(4), 22–34.

Zayonchkovskaya, Zh. A. (1991). Demograficheskaya situatsiya i rasselenie. Nauka publ. (In Russian).

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.