In Frontier We Trust

Abstract

The article points out a very important and multifaceted problem of the religious situation on the Frontier. By naming a thematic issue of our journal devoted to the problems of religious beliefs «In Frontier We Trust», the author proves that frontier shapes systems of religious beliefs, but is also changed under their influence. Following a well-known phrase from the U.S. anthem «In God We Trust», the author uses this title to indicate that the Frontier is both a place where people believe in God and the place that determines their faith.

With the help of various methods (comparativistics, typological analysis, semiotic methods) the author shows how Frontier is connected with religious thinking, how it, being an archaic trope, formed the development of various societies. Taking the form of utopia or dystopia, the Frontier forced people to act in a special way. Therefore, different faiths had to change in new spaces, and taking into account the fact that in some cases the frontier is also a territory of free choice, in which the principles of multi-confessionalism are active, this made different religious confessions compete with each other, and undergo constant transformations in the process, if not at the level of basic dogmatic principles, then at the level of external forms, embedded in the new reality – natural, social and cultural. The article shows how, because of the challenges, clerics of different denominations on the Frontier turned out to be frontiersmen not only because of their places of residence, but also in the spirit of vision. They moved along the path of transformation and transgression, while a significant number of believers in the nuclear areas of residence continued to adhere to old traditions. The Frontier changes everything: methods, habitual way of life, social relations, gender stereotypes, etc.

https://doi.org/10.24411/2500-0225-2019-10018
pdf (Русский)

References

Anderson, M., & Bort, E. (2001). The Frontiers of the European Union. New York: Palgrave.

Anderson, M., & Bort, E. (ed.). (1998). The Frontiers of Europe. London, Washington: Pinter.

Aron, S. (2004). The Making of the First American West and the Unmaking of Other Realms. В W. Deverell (ed.), A Companion to the American West (стр. 5-24). Boston: Blackwell Publishers.

Asúa, M. d. (2014). Science in the vanished Arcadia: knowledge of nature in the Jesuit missions of Paraguay and Rio de la Plata. Boston: Brill.

Auwers, L. (1980). Reading the Marks of the Past: Exploring Female Literacy In Colonial Windsor, Connecticut. Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History, 13(4), 204-214.

Bederman, G. (2005). Revisiting Nashoba: Slavery, Utopia, and Frances Wright in America, 1818-1826. American Literary History, 17(3), 438-459.

Beecher, E., & Kirk, E. N. (1846). History of the Formation of the Ladies' Society for the Promotion of Education at the West. Boston: Henry Mason.

Bercovitch, S. (2012). The American Jeremiad. Madison: University of Wisconsin Pres.

Bertonio, L. (1879). Vocabulario de la lengua aymara.Leipzig: B.G. Teubner.

Book of Isaiah the Prophet. (n.d.). (In Russian)

Bradford , W. (1912). History of Plymouth Plantation, 1620-1647 (Т. 1). Boston: The Massachusetts Historical Society.

Carroll, H. K. (1923). Francis Asbury in the making of American Methodism. New York: Methodist Book Concern.

Cartwright, P. (1857). Autobiography of Peter Cartwright: the backwoods preacher. New York: Carlton & Porter.

Chistov, K.V. (1962). Legend of Belovodye. IN V. Ya. Evseev, , & E. G. Karhu (eds.), Questions of literature and folklore. Proceedings of the Karelian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences (Vol. 35, pp. 116-181). Petrozavodsk. (In Russian)

Chistov, K.V. (2003). Russian folk utopia. St. Petersburg: Dmitry Bulanin. (In Russian)

Chryssavgis, J. (2008). In the Heart of the Desert: The Spirituality of the Desert Fathers and Mothers. Bloomington, Indiana: World Wisdom.

Cotton, J. (2001). God's Promise to His Plantations. In A. Heimert , & A. Delbanco (Eds.), The Puritans in America. A Narrative Anthology (pp. 75-80). Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

Cushman, R. (2001). Reasons and Considerations Touching the Lawfulness of Removing out of England into the Parts of America. In A. Delbanco, & A. Heimert (Eds.), The Puritans in America. A Narrative Anthology (pp. 41-44). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.

Danforth, S. (2001). A Brief Recognition of New England's Errand into the Wilderness. In A. Delbanco (Ed.), Writing New England: An Anthology from the Puritans to the Present (pp. 12-17). Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

Donnan, H., & Wilson, T. M. (2001). Borders: frontiers of identity, nation and state. Oxford, New York: Berg.

Dunn, M. (2003). The emergence of monasticism: from the Desert Fathers to the early Middle Ages. Oxford: Blaclcwell Publishing.

Dutchak, E. E. (2006). The way to Belovodye (to the question of modern possibilities and prospects of studying confessional migration). PFUR (RUDN) Newsletter. History of Russia (1 (5)), pp. 81-94. (In Russian)

Epistle to the Hebrews. (n.d.). (In Russian)

Finke, R., & Stark, R. (2005). The Churching of America, 1776-2005: Winners and Losers in Our Religious Economy. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press.

Forbes, J. D. (1968). Frontiers in American History and the Role of the Frontier Historian. Ethnohistory, 15(2), 203-235.

Foster, L. (1981). Free Love and Feminism: John Humphrey Noyes and the Oneida Community. Journal of the Early Republic, 1(2), 165-183.

Foster, L. (1981). Religion and Sexuality: The Shakers, the Mormons, and the Oneida Community. Chicago: University of Illinois Press.

Foster, L. (1986). The Psychology of Free Love in the Oneida Community. Australasian Journal of American Studies, 5(2), 14-26.

Haller, M. (1958). Moravian Influence on Higher Education in Colonial America. Pennsylvania History, 25(3), 202-222.

Hanna, C. A. (1902). The Scotch-Irish: or, The Scot in North Britain, North Ireland, and North America (Vol. 2). New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons.

Heimert, A. (1953). Puritanism, the Wilderness, and the Frontier. The New England Quarterly, 26(3), 361-382.

Herodotus. (2004). History. Moscow: OLMA Media Group. (In Russian)

Hopkins, G. H. (1890). The circuit rider on foot; or, My first year in the ministry. Rockford, Ill.: A.F. Judd & Co., Printers and Engravers.

Huon de Bordeaux. (1860). Huon de Bordeaux; chanson de geste.Paris: F. Vieweg.

Hurt, D. R. (1997). The Ohio Frontier: Crucible of the Old Northwest, 1720-1830. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.

Jackson, R. H. (2019). Regional Conflict and Demographic Patterns on the Jesuit Missions among the Guaraní in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries. Boston: BRILL.

Karp, L. E. (1982). Past Perfect: John Humphrey Noyes, Stirpiculture, and the Oneida Community. American Journal of Medical Genetics, 12, 1-5; 127-130.

Kephart, W. M. (1963). Experimental Family Organization: An Historico-Cultural Report on the Oneida Community. Marriage and Family Living, 25(3), 261-271.

Kockel, U. (2010). Re-Visioning Europe: Frontiers, Place Identities and Journeys in Debatable Lands. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

Lamar, H., & Thompson, L. (1981). Comparative Frontier History. In H. Lamar, & L. Thompson (Eds.), The Frontier in History: North America and Southern Africa compared (pp. 3-14). New Haven: Yale University Press.

Lightfoot, K. G. (2014). A Cubist perspective of Indigenious Landscape and Spanish Mission. В L. Panich, & T. Schneider (ed.), Indigenous Landscapes and Spanish Missions: New Perspectives from Archaeology and Ethnohistory (стр. 191-208). Tucson: University of Arizona Press.

Mandeville, J. (2012). The Book of Marvels and Travels. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Maurya, A. (2019). Of Tulips and Daffodils: Kashmir Jannat Nazir as a Political Landscape in the Mughal Empire. Journal of Frontier Studies, (1), pp. 62-91. (In Russian).

Melnikov Pechersky, P.I. (2012). In the Forests. Moscow: Pubmix. (In Russian)

Merrell, J. H. (2000). Into the American Woods: Negotiators on the Pennsylvania Frontier. New York: W. W. Norton.

Message from Vasily Novgorod Feodor Tversky on paradise. (1999). D. S. Likhachev, L. Dmitriev, A. Alekseev, & N. Ponyrko (eds.), Library of Ancient Russian Literature (Vol. 6: XIV - mid-XV century, pp. 42-49). St. Petersburg: Nauka (In Russian)

Miller, P. (1953). Errand Into The Wilderness. The William and Mary Quarterly, 10(1), 3-32.

Miller, P. (2009). Errand Into the Wilderness. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

O'Donoghue, D. (1895). Brendaniana: St. Brendan the voyager in story and legend. Dublin: Browne & Nolan.

Ordóñez, F. (2007). Echoes of the Voiceless: Language in Jesuit Missions in Paraguay. В N. Echávez-Solano, & K. Dworkin y Méndez (ed.), Spanish and Empire (pp. 32-47). Nashville: Vanderbilt University Press.

Ostrovsky, A. B., & Chuv’yurov, A. A. (2011). Belovodie of the Altai Old Believers. 2011. №3. Bulletin of the Russian Christian Humanitarian Academy. (In Russian)

Rogers, J. R. (1910). The Cane Ridge Meeting-house. Cincinnati: Standard Pub. Co.

Roosevelt, T. (1909). Addresses and Papers of Theodore Roosevelt. (W. F. Johnson, Ed.) New York: The Unit Book Publishing Co.

Ruiz de Montoya, A. (1722). Vocabulario de la lengua guarani. Pueblo de S. Maria la Mayor.

Sreznevsky, V.I. (1908). Begunskiye poems. V. V. Bonch-Bruyevich (eds.), Materials for the history and study of Russian sectarianism and schism (pp. 228-274). St. Petersburg: B.M. Wolf (In Russian)

Stratton, J. L. (1982). Pioneer Women. Voices from the Kansas Frontier. New York: Simon & Schuster.

Sweet, W. W. (1942). Religion in Colonial America. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.

Tatham, D. (1981). Edward Hicks, Elias Hicks and John Comly: Perspectives on the Peaceable Kingdom Theme. American Art Journal, 13(2), pp. 36-50.

Todd, R. W. (1886). Methodism of the Peninsula: Or, Sketches of Notable Characters and Events in the History of Methodism in the Maryland and Delaware Peninsula. Philadelphia: Methodist Episcopal Book Rooms.

Torres Rubio, D. (1616). Arte de la lengua Aymara. Lima: Francisco del Canto.

Watson, J. F. (1830). Annals of Philadelphia, being a collection of memoirs, anecdotes, and incidents of the city and its inhabitants, from the days of the Pilgrim founders. Philadelphia: E.L. Carey & A. Hart.

White, J. R. (1996). Designed for Perfection: Intersections between Architecture and Social Program at the Oneida. Utopian Studies, 7(2), pp. 113-138.

Whitman, W. (1988). November boughs. Philadelphia: D. McKay.

Winthrop, J. (2009). A Model of Christian Cherity. In A. Delbanco, & A. Heimert (Eds.), The Puritans in America. A Narrative Anthology (pp. 81-92). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.

Witham, L. (2007). A City upon a Hill. How Sermons Changed the Course of American History. New York: HarperCollins.

Yakushenkov, S. N. (2017). Semantic Diversity of Indian Images in New England in the 18th Century. Journal of Frontier Studies (3), pp. 82-98. (In Russian)

Yakushenkov, S.N. (2003). Devil on Altiplano: On the Other Side Of Good and Evil. Ethnographic review (3), pp. 84-99. (In Russian)

Yakushenkov, S.N., & Yakushenkova, O.S. (2013). Abundance of resources as one of the features of frontier territories. Man. Community. Management, pp. 4-15. (In Russian)

Yakushenkova, O.S. (2013). Woman on the American Frontier. Astrakhan: Sorokin R.V. (In Russian)

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.