2500-0225 2500-0225 Журнал Фронтирных Исследований Journal of Frontier Studies ООО Научно-производственное предприятие "Генезис.Фронтир.Наука" 10.46539/jfs.v11i1.821 INTERNATIONAL FRONTIER ISSUES ПРОБЛЕМЫ ФРОНТИРА В РОССИЙСКИХ РЕГИОНАХ Невидимые агенты на атлантическом фронтире: гендер, миграция и правовая субъектность на Канарских островах (1580–1640 гг.) Invisible Agents in the Atlantic Frontier: Gender, Migration, and Legal Agency in the Canary Islands (1580–1640) Альварес Сантос Хавьер Луис Альварес Сантос Хавьер Луис Álvarez Santos Javier Luis javier.santos@ulpgc.es 0000-0002-7845-6521 IATEX – Университет Лас-Пальмас-де-Гран-Канария (Лас-Пальмас-де-Гран-Канария, Испания) IATEX – Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain) 23 02 2026 11 1 72 98 31 10 2025 15 12 2025 06 12 2025 2026 Альварес Сантос Хавьер Луис Javier Luis Álvarez Santos CC BY 4.0

Историография атлантической миграции традиционно маргинализировала роль женщин, особенно выходцев из периферийных территорий. Настоящее исследование обращается к проблеме невидимости португальских женщин, мигрировавших на Канарские острова (прежде всего на Тенерифе) в период Иберийской унии (1580–1640), отмеченный интенсивной трансимперской мобильностью и консолидацией атлантических сетей. Несмотря на их скудное представительство в официальной документации, эти женщины играли значимую роль в формировании островного общества посредством семейной, экономической и правовой агентности. Цель данного исследования — реконструировать присутствие и субъектность португальских женщин на Тенерифе через анализ нотариальных и инквизиционных источников с учётом гендерной и транснациональной оптики. Проведённое исследование показывает, что, хотя численно они представлены в источниках незначительно, их юридические и экономические действия (такие как выдача доверенностей, составление завещаний, участие в торговых операциях) демонстрируют высокую степень агентности. Некоторые из них выступали признанными профессионалами, в частности, торговали вином и маслом, активно вовлекаясь в местную и международную коммерцию. Данное исследование демонстрирует, что португальские женщины были важными агентами в формировании трансатлантических семейных сетей и в передаче культурного и экономического наследия. Их видимость возрастала в моменты юридической автономии, такие как вдовство, а их действия бросают вызов традиционным нарративам о пассивной женской миграции. Исследование утверждает агентность женщин в фронтирных обществах, признавая их стратегическую роль в процессах интеграции, мобильности и конструирования идентичности в раннем Новом времени атлантического мира.

The historiography of Atlantic migration has traditionally marginalized the role of women, particularly those from peripheral territories. This study addresses the invisibility of Portuguese women who migrated to the Canary Islands—specifically Tenerife—during the Iberian Union (1580–1640), a period marked by intense trans-imperial mobility and the consolidation of Atlantic networks. Despite their scarce representation in official records, these women played a significant role in shaping island society through familial, economic, and legal agency. The purpose of this research is to reconstruct the presence and protagonism of Portuguese women in Tenerife by analyzing notarial and inquisitorial sources through a gendered and transnational lens. The study reveals that, although numerically scarce in the records, their juridical and economic actions—such as granting powers of attorney, drafting wills, and engaging in trade—demonstrate significant agency. Some were recognized professionals, notably vendors of wine and oil, active in local and international commerce. This research demonstrates that Portuguese women were significant agents in the formation of transatlantic family networks and in the transmission of cultural and economic heritage. Their visibility increased during moments of juridical autonomy, such as widowhood, and their actions challenge conventional narratives of passive female migration. The research affirms the agency of women in frontier societies, recognizing their strategic role in processes of integration, mobility, and identity construction in the early modern Atlantic world.

 Ключевые слова португальские женщины атлантическая миграция транснациональные семейные сети женская агентность нотариальная документация идентичность островная торговля социальная интеграция трансимперская мобильность фронтирные общества Keywords Portuguese Women Atlantic Migration Transnational Family Networks Female Agency Notarial Documentation Identity Island Commerce Social Integration Trans-imperial Mobility Frontier Societies Нет финансирования No Funding Almorza Hidalgo, A. (2018). “No se hace pueblo sin ellas”: Mujeres españolas en el virreinato de Perú: Emigración y movilidad social (siglos XVI–XVII) [“There Is No Nation Without Them”: Spanish Women in the Viceroyalty of Peru: Emigration and Social Mobility (16th–17th Centuries)]. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. (In Spanish). Álvarez Santos, J. L. (2019). Identidad y pacto social: Los portugueses en Canarias durante la Unión Ibérica [Identity and Social Contract: The Portuguese in the Canary Islands During the Iberian Union]. Anuario de Historia Regional y de las Fronteras, 24(1), 139–154. https://doi.org/10.18273/revanu.v24n1-2019006 (In Spanish). Amussen, S. D., & Poska, A. M. (2012). Restoring Miranda: Gender and the limits of European patriarchy in the early modern Atlantic world. Journal of Global History, 7(3), 342–363. https://doi.org/10.1017/S174002281200023X Anaya Hernández, L. A. (1990). Las minorías en la Historia de Canarias [Minorities in the History of the Canary Islands]. In 7th Colloquium on Canarian-American History [7th Colloquium on Canarian-American History] (pp. 30–57). Cabildo de Gran Canaria. (In Spanish). Armitage, D. (2004). Tres conceptos de historia atlántica [Three Concepts of Atlantic History]. Revista de Occidente, 281, 7-28. (In Spanish). Baena Zapatero, A. (2018). Mujeres novohispanas e identidad criolla. Siglos XVI–XVII [Novohispanic Women and Creole Identity. 16th–17th Centuries]. Distinta Tinta. (In Spanish). Bello León, J. M. (2002). Los portugueses en La Laguna (Tenerife): Siglos XVI y XVII [The Portuguese in La Laguna (Tenerife): 16th and 17th Centuries]. In C. J. Castro Brunetto (Ed.), El mar de Portugal: Arte e historia [The Sea of Portugal: Art and History] (pp. 163–192). Fundación Canaria Mapfre Guanarteme. (In Spanish). Brito González, O. (1993). La presencia extranjera en Tenerife durante el Antiguo Régimen. Siglos XVII‑XVIII [The Foreign Presence in Tenerife During the Ancien Régime. 17th–18th Centuries]. In Strenae Emmanuelae Marrero Oblatae. Pars prior [Strenae Emmanuelae Marrero Oblatae. Part One] (pp. 203–223). Universidad de La Laguna. (In Spanish). Fajardo Spínola, F. (1998). Los protestantes extranjeros y la Inquisición canaria durante el reinado de Felipe II [Foreign Protestants and the Canary Inquisition During the Reign of Philip II]. Revista de Historia Canaria, 180, 99-124. (In Spanish). Fajardo Spínola, F. (2004). Portugueses en Canarias en el siglo XVII: Una relación de 1626 [Portuguese in the Canary Islands in the 17th Century: A 1626 Report]. In XV Coloquio de Historia Canario-Americana (2002) [15th Colloquium on Canarian-American History (2002)] (pp. 310–320). Cabildo de Gran Canaria. (In Spanish). Fajardo Spínola, F. (2013). Las viudas de América: Mujer, migración y muerte [The Widows of America: Women, Migration, and Death]. Ediciones Idea. (In Spanish). Frutuoso, G. (1964). Las islas Canarias (de “Saudades da Terra”) [The Canary Islands (from “Saudades da Terra”)]. Instituto de Estudios Canarios. (In Spanish). Graubart, K. B. (2011). Toward Connectedness and Place. The William and Mary Quarterly, 68(2), 233. https://doi.org/10.5309/willmaryquar.68.2.0233 Herzog, T. (2000). La vecindad entre condición formal y negociación continua: Reflexiones en torno de las categorías sociales y las redes personales [Neighborhood Between Formal Status and Continuous Negotiation: Reflections on Social Categories and Personal Networks]. Anuario IEHS: Instituto de Estudios histórico sociales, 15, 123-131. (In Spanish). Herzog, T. (2012). Naturales y extranjeros: Sobre la construcción de categorías en el mundo hispánico [Natives and Foreigners: On the Construction of Categories in the Hispanic World]. Cuadernos de Historia Moderna, 10, 21–31. https://doi.org/10.5209/rev_CHMO.2011.38668 (In Spanish). Hespanha, A. M. (2019). Filhos da Terra: Identidades mestiças nos confins da Expansão portuguesa [Children of the Land: Mestizo Identities on the Frontiers of the Portuguese Expansion]. Tinta da China. (In Portuguese). Lobo Cabrera, M. (1982). La esclavitud en las Canarias Orientales en el siglo XVI (Negros, moros y moriscos) [Slavery in the Eastern Canary Islands in the 16th Century (Blacks, Moors, and Moriscos)]. Cabildo de Gran Canaria. (In Spanish). Macías Hernández, A. M. (2001). Los tesoros de las afortunadas: Las economías isleñas en el derrotero del almirante holandés Pieter Van Der Does [The Treasures of the Fortunate Isles: Island Economies in the Route of Dutch Admiral Pieter Van Der Does]. In A. Béthencourt (Ed.), IV Centenario del ataque de Van der Does a Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (1599). Coloquio Internacional “Canarias y el Atlántico, 1580–1648” [400th anniversary of Van der Does’ attack on Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (1599). International Colloquium “The Canary Islands and the Atlantic, 1580–1648”] (pp. 349–428). Cabildo de Gran Canaria. (In Spanish). Monteiro, N. G., & Cardim, P. P. (2013). A centralidade da periferia: Prata, contrabando, diplomacia e guerra na região platina (1680–1806) [The Centrality of the Periphery: Silver, Smuggling, Diplomacy, and War in the Río de la Plata Region (1680–1806)]. História, 1(1), 105-124. https://doi.org/10.26512/hh.v1i1.10705 (In Portuguese) Monzón Perdomo, M. E. (2008). Las mujeres canarias a través del ordenamiento jurídico [Canarian Women Through Legal Regulations]. In XVII Coloquio de Historia Canario-Americana (2006) [17th Colloquium on Canarian-American History (2006)] (pp. 1884–1904). Cabildo de Gran Canaria. (In Spanish). Premo, B. (2010). On Currents and Comparisons: Gender and the Atlantic ‘Turn’ in Spanish America. History Compass, 8(3), 223–237. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-0542.2009.00658.x Santana Pérez, G. (2002). ¿Capacidad o sumisión comercial?: Vendedoras canarias durante el siglo XVII [Capability or Commercial Submission?: Canarian Female Vendors During the 17th Century]. Boletín Millares Carlo, 21, 41-49. (In Spanish). Santana Pérez, J. M. (2009). Enfermedad y marginalidad en Canarias durante el siglo XVIII y primer tercio del XIX [Illness and Marginality in the Canary Islands During the 18th Century and First Third of the 19th Century]. Boletín Millares Carlo, 28, 195-218. (In Spanish). Stolcke, V. (2006). A New World Engendered: The Making of the Iberian Transatlantic Empires. In T. A. Meade & M. E. Wiesner-Hanks (Eds.), A Companion to Gender History (pp. 371–389). Blackwell Publishing Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470693568.ch20 Sullón Barreto, G. (2016). La presencia femenina entre los inmigrantes portugueses en Lima en el siglo XVII [The Female Presence Among Portuguese Immigrants in 17th-Century Lima]. Revista Complutense de Historia de América, 42, 267-292. https://doi.org/10.5209/RCHA.53719 (In Spanish). Zinsser, J. P. (2000). Women’s History, World History, and the Construction of New Narratives. Journal of Women’s History, 12(3), 196–206. https://doi.org/10.1353/jowh.2000.0067 Almorza Hidalgo, A. (2018). “No se hace pueblo sin ellas”: Mujeres españolas en el virreinato de Perú: Emigración y movilidad social (siglos XVI–XVII) [“There Is No Nation Without Them”: Spanish Women in the Viceroyalty of Peru: Emigration and Social Mobility (16th–17th Centuries)]. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. (In Spanish). Álvarez Santos, J. L. (2019). Identidad y pacto social: Los portugueses en Canarias durante la Unión Ibérica [Identity and Social Contract: The Portuguese in the Canary Islands During the Iberian Union]. Anuario de Historia Regional y de las Fronteras, 24(1), 139–154. https://doi.org/10.18273/revanu.v24n1-2019006 (In Spanish). Amussen, S. D., & Poska, A. M. (2012). Restoring Miranda: Gender and the limits of European patriarchy in the early modern Atlantic world. Journal of Global History, 7(3), 342–363. https://doi.org/10.1017/S174002281200023X Anaya Hernández, L. A. (1990). Las minorías en la Historia de Canarias [Minorities in the History of the Canary Islands]. In 7th Colloquium on Canarian-American History [7th Colloquium on Canarian-American History] (pp. 30–57). Cabildo de Gran Canaria. (In Spanish). Armitage, D. (2004). Tres conceptos de historia atlántica [Three Concepts of Atlantic History]. Revista de Occidente, 281, 7-28. (In Spanish). Baena Zapatero, A. (2018). Mujeres novohispanas e identidad criolla. Siglos XVI–XVII [Novohispanic Women and Creole Identity. 16th–17th Centuries]. Distinta Tinta. (In Spanish). Bello León, J. M. (2002). Los portugueses en La Laguna (Tenerife): Siglos XVI y XVII [The Portuguese in La Laguna (Tenerife): 16th and 17th Centuries]. In C. J. Castro Brunetto (Ed.), El mar de Portugal: Arte e historia [The Sea of Portugal: Art and History] (pp. 163–192). Fundación Canaria Mapfre Guanarteme. (In Spanish). Brito González, O. (1993). La presencia extranjera en Tenerife durante el Antiguo Régimen. Siglos XVII‑XVIII [The Foreign Presence in Tenerife During the Ancien Régime. 17th–18th Centuries]. In Strenae Emmanuelae Marrero Oblatae. Pars prior [Strenae Emmanuelae Marrero Oblatae. Part One] (pp. 203–223). Universidad de La Laguna. (In Spanish). Fajardo Spínola, F. (1998). Los protestantes extranjeros y la Inquisición canaria durante el reinado de Felipe II [Foreign Protestants and the Canary Inquisition During the Reign of Philip II]. Revista de Historia Canaria, 180, 99-124. (In Spanish). Fajardo Spínola, F. (2004). Portugueses en Canarias en el siglo XVII: Una relación de 1626 [Portuguese in the Canary Islands in the 17th Century: A 1626 Report]. In XV Coloquio de Historia Canario-Americana (2002) [15th Colloquium on Canarian-American History (2002)] (pp. 310–320). Cabildo de Gran Canaria. (In Spanish). Fajardo Spínola, F. (2013). Las viudas de América: Mujer, migración y muerte [The Widows of America: Women, Migration, and Death]. Ediciones Idea. (In Spanish). Frutuoso, G. (1964). Las islas Canarias (de “Saudades da Terra”) [The Canary Islands (from “Saudades da Terra”)]. Instituto de Estudios Canarios. (In Spanish). Graubart, K. B. (2011). Toward Connectedness and Place. The William and Mary Quarterly, 68(2), 233. https://doi.org/10.5309/willmaryquar.68.2.0233 Herzog, T. (2000). La vecindad entre condición formal y negociación continua: Reflexiones en torno de las categorías sociales y las redes personales [Neighborhood Between Formal Status and Continuous Negotiation: Reflections on Social Categories and Personal Networks]. Anuario IEHS: Instituto de Estudios histórico sociales, 15, 123-131. (In Spanish). Herzog, T. (2012). Naturales y extranjeros: Sobre la construcción de categorías en el mundo hispánico [Natives and Foreigners: On the Construction of Categories in the Hispanic World]. Cuadernos de Historia Moderna, 10, 21–31. https://doi.org/10.5209/rev_CHMO.2011.38668 (In Spanish). Hespanha, A. M. (2019). Filhos da Terra: Identidades mestiças nos confins da Expansão portuguesa [Children of the Land: Mestizo Identities on the Frontiers of the Portuguese Expansion]. Tinta da China. (In Portuguese). Lobo Cabrera, M. (1982). La esclavitud en las Canarias Orientales en el siglo XVI (Negros, moros y moriscos) [Slavery in the Eastern Canary Islands in the 16th Century (Blacks, Moors, and Moriscos)]. Cabildo de Gran Canaria. (In Spanish). Macías Hernández, A. M. (2001). Los tesoros de las afortunadas: Las economías isleñas en el derrotero del almirante holandés Pieter Van Der Does [The Treasures of the Fortunate Isles: Island Economies in the Route of Dutch Admiral Pieter Van Der Does]. In A. Béthencourt (Ed.), IV Centenario del ataque de Van der Does a Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (1599). Coloquio Internacional “Canarias y el Atlántico, 1580–1648” [400th anniversary of Van der Does’ attack on Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (1599). International Colloquium “The Canary Islands and the Atlantic, 1580–1648”] (pp. 349–428). Cabildo de Gran Canaria. (In Spanish). Monteiro, N. G., & Cardim, P. P. (2013). A centralidade da periferia: Prata, contrabando, diplomacia e guerra na região platina (1680–1806) [The Centrality of the Periphery: Silver, Smuggling, Diplomacy, and War in the Río de la Plata Region (1680–1806)]. História, 1(1), 105-124. https://doi.org/10.26512/hh.v1i1.10705 (In Portuguese) Monzón Perdomo, M. E. (2008). Las mujeres canarias a través del ordenamiento jurídico [Canarian Women Through Legal Regulations]. In XVII Coloquio de Historia Canario-Americana (2006) [17th Colloquium on Canarian-American History (2006)] (pp. 1884–1904). Cabildo de Gran Canaria. (In Spanish). Premo, B. (2010). On Currents and Comparisons: Gender and the Atlantic ‘Turn’ in Spanish America. History Compass, 8(3), 223–237. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-0542.2009.00658.x Santana Pérez, G. (2002). ¿Capacidad o sumisión comercial?: Vendedoras canarias durante el siglo XVII [Capability or Commercial Submission?: Canarian Female Vendors During the 17th Century]. Boletín Millares Carlo, 21, 41-49. (In Spanish). Santana Pérez, J. M. (2009). Enfermedad y marginalidad en Canarias durante el siglo XVIII y primer tercio del XIX [Illness and Marginality in the Canary Islands During the 18th Century and First Third of the 19th Century]. Boletín Millares Carlo, 28, 195-218. (In Spanish). Stolcke, V. (2006). A New World Engendered: The Making of the Iberian Transatlantic Empires. In T. A. Meade & M. E. Wiesner-Hanks (Eds.), A Companion to Gender History (pp. 371–389). Blackwell Publishing Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470693568.ch20 Sullón Barreto, G. (2016). La presencia femenina entre los inmigrantes portugueses en Lima en el siglo XVII [The Female Presence Among Portuguese Immigrants in 17th-Century Lima]. Revista Complutense de Historia de América, 42, 267-292. https://doi.org/10.5209/RCHA.53719 (In Spanish). Zinsser, J. P. (2000). Women’s History, World History, and the Construction of New Narratives. Journal of Women’s History, 12(3), 196–206. https://doi.org/10.1353/jowh.2000.0067